Microstructural engineering plays a decisive role in determining the functional characteristics of NdFeB permanent magnets. Parameters such as grain size distribution, phase composition, and grain boundary chemistry directly influence intrinsic coercivity, temperature stability, and resistance to demagnetization. Advanced technologies, including grain boundary diffusion with heavy rare-earth elements, are widely adopted to improve high-temperature performance while optimizing rare-earth utilization.

Due to their high neodymium content, NdFeB permanent magnets are inherently sensitive to corrosion and oxidation. To ensure long-term reliability, surface engineering is essential. Common protective treatments include nickel plating, epoxy coatings, zinc layers, and multilayer composite systems, which enhance environmental resistance without compromising magnetic properties.

NdFeB permanent magnets are extensively applied in electric vehicles, wind turbines, industrial motors, robotics, medical devices, and precision electronics. Their ability to deliver strong and stable magnetic fields enables higher power density, improved energy efficiency, and system miniaturization across a wide range of industries.

Through continuous advances in materials science, process optimization, and sustainable manufacturing practices, NdFeB permanent magnets continue to underpin the development of next-generation energy conversion and motion control technologies.